노인학 이론

Gerontology 2008/11/07 12:50
사용자 삽입 이미지

노인학을 위한 블로그에 좀더 신경을 쓰기로 했다.
오늘은 노인학 이론을 조금 소개하고자 한다.
그냥 영어로, 어설프게 해석하는것 보다 더 좋을 것 같아서.

Hooyman and Kiyak 의 Social Gerontology: a multidisciplinary perspective 에서 chapter 8 참고.

<Social theories of Aging>

Role theory: a theory based on the belief that roles define us and our self-concept,
                     and our behavior.

Activity thepry: a theory of aging based on the hypothesis that (1) active older people are more satisfied and better adjusted than those who are not active, and
(2) an older person's self-concept is validated through participation in roles characteristic of middle age, and older people should therefore replace lost roles with new ones to maintain their place in society.

Disengagement theory: a theory of aging based on the hypothesis that older people, because of
inevitable decline with age, become decresingly active with the outer world with their inner lives; disengagement is useful for society because it fosters an orederly transfer of power from older to younger people.

Continuity theory: a theory based on the hypothesis that central personality characteristics become
more pronounced with age or are retained through life with little change; people age successfully if they maintain their preferered roles and adaptation techniques throughout life.

Interactionist theory: a perspective that emphasizes the reciprocal actions of persons and their social world in shaping percertions, attitudes, behaviors, including person=environment, systematic interaction, labeling, and social breakdown perspectives.

Labeling theory: a thteoretical perspective derived from symbolic interactionism, premised on the belief that people derive their self=concepts from interactin with others in their social milieu, in how others define us and re act to us.

Subculture of aging theory: a theoretical perspective based on the belief that people maintain their
self-concepts and social identities throught their membership in a defined group (subculture).

Age stratification theory: a theoretical perspective based on the belief that societal age structure
affects roles, self-concept, and life satisfaction.

Social exchange theory: a theory based on the hypothesis that personal status is defined by the
balance between people's contributions to society and the costs of supporting them.

Political economy of aging: a theory based on the hypothesis that social lass determines a person's
access to resources and that dominant groups within society try to  sustain their own interests by perpetuating class inequities.

Feminist theory: the view that the experiences of women are often ignored in understanding the human condition togeher with efforts to attend critically to those experiences.

Life course perspective: the multidisciplinary view of human development that focuses on changes
with age an life experiences.

Modernization theory: advances in technology, applied science, urbanzation, and literacy which,
in this context, are related to a decline in the status of older people.

항상, 이론은 바뀐다. 시간이 바뀌고 세상을 바라보는 시각이 달라지고 새로운 이론들의 출현에 따라 바뀌게
마련이다. 노인학의 대세 이론은 activity, continuity, role, disengagement, modernization theory가
주 관심사였지만, 이제는 많은 힘을 잃은 듯하다. 현대 노인학의 대세는 life course perspective 이다.

딱히, 이론이란 말하기는 그렇지만 그래도 힘을 많이 얻는다. 나 역시도 그렇게 생각한다.
개개인의 일생이 다르고 일어난 사건이 다른 이런 것에 초점을 맞추고 바라보는 이 이론을 좋아한다.
2008/11/07 12:50 2008/11/07 12:50
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